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Posted on Saturday, Sep 16, 2017 17:34
The bacteria that chlamydia transmission, the world's most common sexually transmitted disease, seems to be sneakier than once thought, as a new study suggests it frequently exchanges DNA between different strains to form entirely new strains.
Chlaymydia is caused by the bacteria Chlamydia trachomatis, and though its symptoms are often mild, the sexually transmitted disease can cause infertility in women and a discharge from the penis of an infected man. Chlamydia is the most common bacterial STD in the world, including in the U.S. where more than 1.3 million cases were reported in 2010. About 100 million cases of Chlamydia are reported each year across the globe.
Scientists know there are two groups of Chlamydia strains, one that seems to infect the eyes and urinary-genital areas, and another set known to spread through the lymphatic system, which is important to the body's immune system. Currently, an epidemic of the lymphatic types is progressing in Europe and North America, particularly in men who have sex with men, the researchers note online today (March 11) in the journal Nature Genetics.
However, little is known about how these different strains evolve and emerge.
"Scientists recently discovered that if two Chlamydia strains co-infect the same person at the same time, they can swap DNA by a process called recombination," lead researcher Dr. Simon Harris, from the Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, said in a statement.
To find out how widespread this swapping is, Harris and colleagues compared the genome sequences of 53 strains of C. trachomatis, which were isolated from epidemics that occurred between 1959 and 2009; the strains were meant to represent the diversity of Chlamydia seen in clinical settings. Results showed that even when the Chlamydia strains had infected different parts of the body, they could still swap DNA with each other, leading to new strains. [Quiz: Test Your STD Smarts]
Recombination "was originally thought only to affect a few 'hotspots' within the genome," Harris said. "We were very surprised to find recombination is far more widespread than previously thought."
The results have implications for how the STD is diagnosed. Currently, doctors use a test that returns a positive or negative for Chlamydia infections, without any information on the particular strain. That means doctors can't tell, say, if a person who tests positive again after being treated with antibiotics has picked up a second strain of Chlamydia or if their treatment has failed.
While antibiotic-resistant Chlamydia has not been seen in patients, it does occur in the lab. If it did occur in the general population, current tests would not detect it.
"Until now a person treated with antibiotics with a reoccurring infection of C. trachomatis was assumed to have been re-infected," study researcher Dr. Nicholas Thomson, also of the Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, said in a statement. "The current gaps in our understanding of the population makeup of Chlamydia limit our ability to implement health policies, because we do not fully understand how Chlamydia spreads within our population."
The scientists are now working with hospitals to bring technologies for whole-genome sequencing into clinical settings.
Posted on Monday, Aug 07, 2017 13:10
EA Sports has been slightly later than regular in relation to delivering news about mut 18 coins but based on the hands-on feedback from EA Play, and also the developer blogs that had been released on Friday, the game is positioned to break new ground within the series.
I count on to acquire my own hands-on expertise during the initial week of August, so I'll be able to add my two cents at that time but this assessment is according to others' testimonials, the content EA has released and what I've inferred. Here's a look at the new trailer highlighting the new gameplay attributes:
For starters, this can be the first year Madden has run on the Frostbite Engine. Those who have had hands-on experiences, like Black Phoenix and Millenium from Operation Sports, have said that players felt appropriately heavier or more quickly, based on their weight and speed ratings.
There are apparently much more contextual animations which are made and appear to succeed in creating a additional visually realistic experience. Among the key areas exactly where this may possibly be apparent is inside the new WR/DB interactions. A lot of this can be felt when playing MUT Squads where gamers are basically controlling the wide receiver or defensive back for the entire play, but there is certainly a brand new mini-battle that requires location at the line of scrimmage.
Conceptually, this was usually in the game, but now it seems to become superior defined and a lot more polished. You will find various approaches which can be utilised by a DB in the line of scrimmage to impede a WR's route. In turn, the receiver features a counter that could spring him.
It's virtually like a high-tech version of Rock, Paper, Scissors, but even if the receiver loses the initial exchange, he can break away from the jam by moving left or proper to escape the defender. This handy chart was integrated within the dev blog to explain.
Madden Mobile Coins With animations placed in the game that corresponds using the stick commands and ratings of each and every player involved in the on-field event, Madden 18 could marry the effects of ratings, controls, and animations too as any game within the series' history. Thoughts you, this really is still partially theoretic, but I like the way it sounds and there is reason to believe the development team's efforts have been somewhat productive.
Posted on Monday, Aug 07, 2017 13:09
EA Sports launched a new trailer for Madden read more while displaying new game modes, traits and many devastating tackles. Madden NFL 18 is to release on 25 August. The latest version to the football video game franchise characterizes the target passing and guarding controls. Players can also take the merits of new wider receiver and defensive back mechanics. There appear the new game modes including competitive, arcade and simulation. Having Madden Coins online helps gamer resolve many vital needs fast in the gameplay of Madden NFL 18.
The fifty-nine second trailer stars taking place with an aerial shot of the home stadium, CenturyLink Field of Seattle Seahawks. There is a rough crowd cheering under the lights and fireworks of stadium as the Kam Chancellor of Seahawks begins to run upon the field. Buffalo Bills quarterback Tyrod Taylor and Khalil Mack of Oakland Raiders star are also brought prior to the screen cuts to New England Patriots quarterback, Tom Brady while scanning through the development. Brady goes for a rifle in a touching down pass to Julian Edelman against the defense of Bills. The next play characterizes Dallas Cowboys quarterback Dark Prescott while finishing a pass for a first down to broader receiver Dez Bryant against the Philadelphia Eagles.
Green Bay Packers wide receiver Jordy Nelson and Washington Redskins cornerback Josh Norman notice some one-handed catches prior to the cameras capture Eli Manning while throwing deep to NY Giants star Odell Beckham Jr. Defenders ensure the second half of the clip with Von Miller, Luke Kuechly and J.J. Watt while making plays. Brady comes out as the cover star for this Madden this year. Patriots tight concluding point Rob Gronkowski refined the cover of Madden NFL 17.
Within the one month, Madden 18 is to be released. EA Sports in recent times drop off the newest trailer of Madden 18. This trailer discloses what new in the beloved football video game that is to be striking stores in a later part of summer. In this new trailer of Madden 18, EA Sports displays some new gameplay traits that gamers can hope for the inclusion of target passing and guarding controls and new wide receiver along with the back mechanics of defense. In addition, Madden 18 Coins is to characterize three paths to play including competitive, arcade and simulation. By summing up, the graphics appear a phenomenal one completely. Visiting the nearest online gaming house helps gamers of Madden NFL 18 gain mut 18 coins to uplift the character in the shortest possible time.